Principles+of+Chemistry,+Lee+Ann+Turner

=Chemistry=

Chemistry Standard C.1 - Students begin to conceptualize the general structure of the atom and the roles played by the main parts of the atom in determining the properties of materials. They investigate, through such methods as laboratory work, the nature of chemical changes and the role energy in those changes.

Library Information Standard(s) 2 - Draw conclusions, make informed decisions, apply knowledge to new situations, and create new knowledge. 3 – Share knowledge and participate ethically and productively as members of our democratic society.


 * Text**

Brown, T. L., LeMay Jr., H. E., Bursten, B. E., & Burdge, J. R. (2003). //Chemistry: The Centeral Science// (9th ed.). Upper Saddle River: Pearson Prentice Hall. Nelson, J. H., Kemp, K. C., Brown, T. L., LeMay Jr., H. E., & Bursten, B. E. (2003). //Laboratory Experiments for Chemistry: The Centeral Science// (9th ed.). Upper Saddle River: Pearson Prentice Hall.

These labs are for students in the freshman/sophomore class and the junior/senior class. Some lessons may overlap since it is likely that Chemistry is not divided by grade level. Most students take a first year Chemistry course during their sophomore class but it is not limited to just sophomores. The class average is about 30 students per class. The setting for the school in which students are taking this course is average size—not small, but not large either. The freshman/sophomore students have average information literacy skills, while the junior/senior students have average to well-developed information literacy skills. For upper level students, the lab reports will help students analyze data collected and present it in a professional manner. Students who wish to continue their studies in the area of science will be required to conduct research experiments and write scientific papers based on their research.

For the duration of the Chemistry course, students will learn about such topics as matter; chemical equations, formulas, and reactions; thermochemistry; chemical bonding; metals; organic and biological chemistry. Near the end of the year, students will participate in a science fair, which will be judged by a combination of students and teachers. (Students judges will not be permitted to judge presentations made by fellow classmates.) The projects for the science fair will be judged individually for presentation style, completeness, and procedure. The winner of the science fair will be excused from taking the chemistry final exam and be awarded an A for the exam. Second and third place winners will receive bonus points on the final exam—second place will receive 10 points and third place will receive 5 points.

Students will add their name to a signup sheet for the lab they wish to present at the science fair, which will be posted 4 weeks in advance of the science fair. Students should weigh their decision carefully before making a final decision on which experiment they wish to present. It is strongly recommended that students take pictures or video clips during the in class lab experiments to include in their presentations since students will not have enough time to complete the entire experiment during the science fair.

The library media specialist will be available to assist with the preparation of final project presentations. Students will have some class time to go to the library to do research and work on final project preparations.


 * Chemistry: The Central Science – Laboratory Experiments**

Group size: 3 – 4
 * 1.** **Identification of Substances by Physical Properties – Standard C.1.1**

Prior to this lab, students will have read 1.1, 1.2, and 1.3 of the textbook and complete the exercises at the end of each section, if applicable. A lecture will also be given on each section. Before beginning the experiment, the students should have read through the discussion, procedure, and complete the review questions in the laboratory experiments book. Students will complete the experiment during class time and turn in a completed lab form at the end of class on the following day. Lab forms will be checked for completeness before submission. Late forms will be docked 1 point per day that it is late. Lab forms will be evaluated and returned prior to the next experiment. At the end of the semester, students will have 1 class meeting to make up a missed lab.

Modification to lab: add 2 more unknowns (1 liquid and 1 solid).

Students will choose 1 portion of the experiment to complete during the science fair. Students must notify instructor which portion they have selected at least 2 weeks prior to the science fair.



Group size: 3
 * 2.** **Separation of the Components of a Mixture – Standard C.1.1, C.1.5**

Prior to this lab, students will have read 1.4, 1.5, and 1.6 of the textbook and complete the exercises at the end of each section, if applicable. A lecture will also be given on each section. Before beginning the experiment, the students should have read through the discussion, procedure, and complete the review questions in the laboratory experiments book. Students will complete the experiment during class time and turn in a completed lab form at the end of class on the following day. Lab forms will be checked for completeness before submission. Late forms will be docked 1 point per day that it is late. Lab forms will be evaluated and returned prior to the next experiment. At the end of the semester, students will have 1 class meeting to make up a missed lab.

Modification to lab: For the unknown mixture, instead of using 2-3 gram sample, students will do this part twice; once with a 2 gram sample and once with a 3 gram sample.

Students will choose 1 portion of the experiment to complete during the science fair. Students must notify instructor which portion they have selected at least 3 weeks prior to the science fair.



Group size: 2
 * Alternative to Separation Lab**

Students will perform a Chromatography experiment using different color ink pens. During the lab, students will discover which type of ink separates the best, and then present their findings for the science fair. Students will also write a 3 page lab report on their findings which includes an introduction, procedure, results, and conclusion. Students will also draw pictures of any equipment and chemicals required for the experiment to be included in the procedure section.

//Upon completion of Chapter 1, students will complete all of the even numbered exercises on pages 29-33. (Students must show all work.) The exercises will be due the day of the exam—2 days after the completion of the chapter.//

Group size: 3
 * 3.** **Chemical Formulas – Standard C.1.15**

Prior to this experiment, students will have read 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4, and 2.5 of the textbook and complete the exercises at the end of each section, if applicable. A lecture on each section will also be given. Before beginning the experiment, the students should have read through the discussion, procedure, and complete the review questions in the laboratory experiments book. Students will do the experiment during class time and turn in a completed lab form at the end of class time on the following day. Lab forms will be checked for completeness before submission. Late forms will be docked 1 point per day that it is late. Lab forms will be evaluated and returned prior to the next experiment. At the end of the semester, students will have 1 class meeting to make up a missed lab.

Modification to lab: Students will write a lab report on their findings, including an introduction, procedure with drawings of lab equipment, results, and conclusion. The lab report will be turned in 1 week after the completion of the experiment.

Students who choose this lab for their science fair project will select either part A (Zinc Chloride) or part B (Copper Sulfide) to present during the science fair. Students must notify instructor 3 weeks prior to science fair with their choice.



Group size: 3 -4
 * 4.** **Chemical Reactions – Standard C.1.11**

Prior to this experiment, students will have read 2.6, 2.7, 2.8, and 2.9 of the textbook and completed the exercises at the end of each section, if applicable. A lecture on each section will also be given. Before beginning the experiment, the students should have read through the discussion, procedure, and complete the review questions in the laboratory experiments book. Students will do the experiment during class time and turn in a completed lab form at the end of class time on the following day. Lab forms will be checked for completeness before submission. Late forms will be docked 1 point per day that it is late. Lab forms will be evaluated and returned prior to the next experiment. At the end of the semester, students will have 1 class meeting to make up a missed lab.

Modification to lab: Students will complete a lab report, to be a minimum of 3 pages, including introduction, procedure (which includes drawings of all equipment and chemicals used during experiment), results, and conclusion. The lab report will be turned in 1 week after the completion of the experiment.

Students who choose this lab for their science fair project will select one reaction to present during the science fair. Students who select this lab must notify instructor which reaction they will present at least 3 weeks prior to the science fair.

Upon completion of Chapter 2, students will complete all of the even numbered exercises on pages 66-72. //(Students must show all work.) The exercises will be due the day of the exam—2 days after the completion of the chapter.

//

Group size: 4-5
 * 5.** **Chemicals in Everyday Life: What Are They and How Do We Know? – Standard C.1.8**

Prior to this experiment, students will have read 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4, and 4.5 of the textbook and completed all of the exercises at the end of each section. A lecture on each section will also be given. Before beginning the experiment, the students should have read through the discussion, procedure, and complete the review questions in the laboratory experiments book. Students will complete the experiment during class time and turn in a completed lab form at the end of class time on the following day. Lab forms will be checked for completeness before submission. Late forms will be docked 1 point per day that it is late. Lab forms will be evaluated and returned prior to the next experiment. At the end of the semester, students will have 1 class meeting to make up a missed lab.

Modifications to lab: Students will be given two unknowns. Students will complete a lab report, to be a minimum of 3 pages, including introduction, procedure (which includes drawings of all equipment and chemicals used during experiment), results, and conclusion. The lab report will be turned in 1 week after the completion of the experiment.

Students who choose this lab for their science fair project will select one part of the lab--A, B, C, D, or E (the unknown is not a choice) to present during the science fair. Students who select this lab must notify instructor which reaction they will present at least 3 weeks prior to the science fair. Upon completion of Chapter 4, students will complete all of the even numbered exercises on pages 145-150. //(Students must show all work.) The exercises will be due the day of the exam—2 days after the completion of the chapter.

//

Group size: 4
 * 6.** **Molecular Geometries of Covalent Molecules: Lewis Structures and VSEPR Theory – Standard C.1.28**

Prior to this experiment, students will have read 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, 8.4, and 8.5 of the textbook and complete all of the exercises at the end of each section, if applicable. A lecture on each section will be given. Before beginning the experiment, the students should have read through the discussion, procedure, and complete the review questions in the laboratory experiments book. Students will complete the experiment during class time and turn in a completed lab form at the end of class time on the following day. Lab forms will be checked for completeness before submission. Late forms will be docked 1 point per day that it is late. Lab forms will be evaluated and returned prior to the next experiment. At the end of the semester, students will have 1 class meeting to make up a missed lab.

Modifications to lab: Students will create 3-D examples of molecules and bonding structures to turn in with their lab form.

Students who choose this lab for their science fair project will select 2 portions of this experiment to present during the science fair. Students will also present their 3-D image for the corresponding molecules. Students must notify their instructor 3 weeks prior to the science fair which portion they will present at the science fair. Note that this lab may be better suited for upper class students.

//Upon completion of Chapter 8, students will complete all of the even numbered exercises on pages 307-313. (Students must show all work.) The exercises will be due the day of the exam—2 days after the completion of the chapter.

//

Group size: 3-4
 * 7.** **Behavior of Gases: Molar Mass of a Vapor – Standard C.1.15, C.1.30**

Prior to this experiment, students will have read 10.1, 10.2, 10.3, 10.4, and 10.5 and complete all the exercises at the end of each section, if applicable. A lecture on each section will also be given. Before beginning the experiment, the students should have read through the discussion, procedure, and complete the review questions in the laboratory experiments book. Students will complete the experiment during class time and turn in a completed lab form at the end of class time on the following day. Lab forms will be checked for completeness before submission. Late forms will be docked 1 point per day that it is late. Lab forms will be evaluated and returned prior to the next experiment. At the end of the semester, students will have 1 class meeting to make up a missed lab.

Modifications to lab: Students will complete a trial 3 for part A.

Students who choose this lab for their science fair project will select either part A or part B of this experiment to present during the science fair. Students must notify their instructor 3 weeks prior to the science fair which part of the lab they wish to present. Note that this lab may be suited more for upper class students.



Group size: 3-4
 * 8.** **Determination of R: The Gas-Law Constant – Standard C.1.15, C.1.30**

Prior to this experiment, students will have read 10.6, 10.7, 10.8, and 10.9 and complete any exercises at the end of each section, if applicable. A lecture on each section will also be given. Before beginning the experiment, the students should have read through the discussion, procedure, and complete the review questions in the laboratory experiments book. Students will complete this experiment during class time and turn in a completed lab form at the end of class time on the following day. Lab forms will be checked for completeness before submission. Late forms will be docked 1 point per day that it is late. Lab forms will be evaluated and returned prior to the next experiment. At the end of the semester, students will have 1 class meeting to make up a missed lab.

Modifications to this lab: Students will complete a typed, 3-4 page lab report which includes an introduction, procedure (which includes drawings of all lab equipment and chemicals required to complete the experiment), results, and conclusion. The lab report will be turned in 1 week after completion of experiment.

Students who are interested in choosing this lab for their science fair project will need to notify instructor the day of the lab. Students will need to complete the entire experiment on the day of the science fair so this will be the final presentation. Students should videotape their in class experiment and prepare an edited copy as a back up for the science fair presentation, for the sake of time. Note that this lab may be suited more for upper class students.

//Upon completion of Chapter 10, students will complete all of the even numbered exercises on pages 398-405. (Students must show all work.) The exercises will be due the day of the exam—2 days after the completion of the chapter.//




 * Additions by Amber Helt**

Looking at the solutions activities reminded me of the //Parenting// magazine article I had read about candy experiments to do with leftover/extra Halloween candy. I thought this article might help me come up with a simplified activity to do with elementary students. Having already discarded the magazine, I searched their online site and found "Top 10 Scientific Uses for Leftover Halloween Candy". Using this for inspiration, I developed a simplified activity about mixtures using candy and other foods as specimens to be examined and analyzed. I also have a few extension activities included.



I thought this would be a great hands-on activity for third graders. It could be adjusted for older students, but the practice and guidance is designed for third graders. Using //Standards for the 21st Century Student In Action,// I noticed that the second grade benchmark for 2.1.2 (Organization) includes sorting and using charts (25). The second grade benchmark for 2.1.3 (draw conclusions...apply...further investigations) states they can "complete a graphic organizer using concepts learned...", and "compare new ideas with what was known at the beginning" (26). After completing the stations, having students apply what they have learned by seeking out mixtures in the world around them helps them connect the activity to the world around them. I think they will be surprised to find a variety of mixtures in their every day life.

Some may scoff at the idea of using terms like homogeneous and heterogeneous with third graders, but why not? Some students are definitely ready for this vocabulary and exposing them to these terms early on (when they are still sponge-like with their curiosities) will help them later on.